Report on Serological survey of Equine viral arteritis, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, Vesicular stomatitis, and Equine infectious anaemia in Korean thoroughbred racehorses ( 08/03/24 ) | |||||
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Part | Charger | leeyh | date | 08/03/24 | |
1. Purpose
Population of horses has been gradually increasing with the growth of the racing industryin Korea. Approximately 20,000 horses including native ponies are raised on 965 farms. Great care has been taken to prevent viral, bacterial and parasitic infections in these animals. However, there have been few reports on equine viral arteritis (EVA), Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile fever (WN), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in Korea until recently since 1987. Therefore, we conducted a serological survey of these five viral diseases of veterinary importance in Korean thoroughbred racehorses.
2. Materials and method
1) Horses
Blood samples were collected from 991 thoroughbred racehorses in six provinces including Jeju islands of Korea at 2007. None of the horses used in this study had been vaccinated against other disease except for JE, equine influenza, and equine rhinopneumonitis in Korea.
2) Serological test
Table 1. Serological test method used against five viral infectious diseases in this study
Infectious diseases Standard on result& Test method Source
Equine infectious anaemia AGID (Identify) VMRD Inc. in U.S.A
Vesicular stomatitis ELISA NVSL in U.S.A
VN (>=1 : 10) NVRQS (New Jergy & Indiana strains)
Equine viral arteritis VN (>=1: 8) NVRQS (Bucurys Kenturky strains, RK-13 cell)
Japanese encephalitis HI (>= 1: 10) NVRQS (KV189 isolates)
West Nile fever ELISA / VN NVSL in U.S.A/NVRQS (WNV VR1577, Vero cell)
3. Result
Table 2. The seropositive ration on five viral infectious diseases in serum samples collected from thoroughbred racehorse at 2007 in Korea
Infectious diseases No. of horses tested No. of seropositive (%)
Vesicular stomatitis 991 0 ( 0 )
Equine viral arteritis 991 6* ( 0.6)
Japanese encephalitis 991 520 (52.5)
West Nile fever 973 1** ( 0.1)
Equine infectious anaemia 25 0 ( 0 )
* The six horses with seropositive for EVA virus were confirmed the vaccinated stallion of imported animals from USA since March 2005.
** Only one horse with seropositive for WN virus was confirmed the cross reaction with a hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titer of 1:160 for JE virus.
Table 3. Serial analysis of neutralizing antibody titers against EVA in paired sera collected at 3 weeks apart from six stallions vaccinated in USA
No. of horse Age Data on Imported Antibody titers by virus neutralization test
First sample 3 wks after first sample
1 11 2006-11-04 64 64
2 11 2006-01-14 32 32
3 9 2006-01-20 32 32
4 11 2006-11-28 32 16
5 11 2005-03-04 32 32
6 10 2005-03-04 16 16
Table 4. Distribution of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer against JE virus in serum samples
Period No. of Sample No. of Positive (%) Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer
≥10 20 40 80 160 320 640
The first half
of the year 497 238 259 86 82 52 15 2 1
(47.9) (52.1) (17.3) (16.5) (10.5) (3.0) (0.4) (0.2)
The second half 494 282 212 113 101 47 16 5 0
of the year (57.1) (42.9) (22.8) (20.5) (9.5) (3.2) (1.0) ( 0 )
Total 991 520 471 199 183 99 31 7 1
(100) (52.5) (47.5) (20.1) (18.5) (10.0) (3.1) (0.7) (0.1)
4. Summary
For the serological survey of the five viral diseases of veterinary importance, blood samples were collected from 991 thoroughbred racehorses in six provinces of Korea at 2007. The seropositive ration for JE virus was 52.5% (520/991) of the horses tested. Horses with a HI antibody titer of 1:160 or higher accounted for 3.9% of the animals tested. The six among 991 horses tested were seropositive for EVA virus with vaccinated stallion of imported animals from USA since March 2005. Only one horse was seropositive for WN virus, and confirmed the cross reaction with a HI antibody titer of 1:160 for JE virus. In contrast, none of the horses had antibodies against VS and EIA virus. The present results suggest that Korean racehorses were no seropositive for WN, VS, EIA, EVA and JE virus except vaccinated animals. Further, we will intend to the surveillance of other diseases against domestic horses including native pony to secure the freedom from equine infectious diseases.
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